peradaban sejarah

1. Years and seasons 14. Destruction of pests
2. Water, land, and weather 15. Domesticated fowl
3. Types of cultivation, their timing 16. Domesticated and wild animals
and method 17. Honeybees
4. Canals and irrigation 18. Crop failures and their
5. Dams and their construction . prevention
(missing in the Arabic text) 19. Storing of seed, cereal,
6. Seeds and roots . wine, etc.
7. Seed plants and root crops 20. Construction of houses,
8. Trees, local and foreign . forts, etc.
9. Tree grafting 21. Construction of ships,
10. Fertilizer . bridges, etc.
11. Melons, vegetables, and herbs 22. Qualities of different animals
12. Wheat, barley, and cereals 23. Methods of mining
13. Cash crops, cotton, etc. 24. Properties of metals and gems
As it has come down to us, however, the Athar va Ahya© includes only the
purely agricultural sections; those on construction, irrigation, mining, architecture,
and animal husbandry are missing.17
From our perspective, of course, what is most interesting is that in the surviving
portions of the text the data on Chinese agriculture is so extensive and
so detailed that it invites the suspicion that Rashıd al-Dın had access, albeit
indirect, to the vast Chinese literature on agronomy.
The Yuan dynasty, founded by nomads, was, somewhat ironically, rich in
agriculturalmanuals. Two of them, the Nung-shu of WangChen, issued in 1313,
and the Nung-sang i-shih ts’uo-yao of Lu Ming-shen, issued in 1314, are obviously
too late, sinceRashıd al-Dın’smanualwas begun in Ghazan’s reign.18 The
most likely candidate for the agricultural information is the Nung-sang chi-yao,
“Essentials of Agriculture and Sericulture,” issued in 1273 by the Office of the
Grand Supervisor of Agriculture. It was compiled by a committee of Chinese
officials who drew heavily on earlier manuals, especially the Ch’i-min yao-shu
of AD 535, to which they added a small amount of new data based on
recent experience. For the most part t