metedologi

                                                                 metedologi
Answer:
Praise be to Allaah.
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Firstly:
Our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) did not produce his ideas by himself, rather
the message that he brought came from Allaah – it was
Revelation (wahy) which Allaah sent to him.
Secondly:
with regard to his life (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him):
He was the best of all people on earth in terms of lineage,
for he was descended from the noblest line. Even his
enemies bore witness to that. Hence his enemy Abu
Sufyaan testified to that effect before the Byzantine ruler.
The noblest of people were his people; the noblest of tribes
was his tribe; the noblest of clans was his clan. His full
name was Muhammad ibn [son of] ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Abd
al-Muttalib ibn Haashim ibn ‘Abd Manaaf ibn Qusayy
ibn Kilaab ibn Murrah ibn Ka’b ibn Lu’ayy ibn Ghaalib
ibn Fahr ibn Maalik ibn al-Nadar ibn Kinaanah ibn
Khuzaymah ibn Mudrikah ibn Ilyaas ibn Mudar ibn Nizaar
ibn Ma’d ibn ‘Adnaan… ibn ‘Ismaa’eel [Ishmael] ibn
Ibraaheem [Abraham] (peace be upon them).
Allaah sent him as a Prophet at the age of forty, which is
the age of perfection. The first sign of Prophethood which
was sent to the Messenger of Allaah was dreams: he did
not see any dream but it would come true like daybreak.
It was said that that lasted for six months. The period of
his Prophethood lasted for twenty-three years. These
dreams were one of the forty-six parts of Prophethood.
Then Allaah honoured him with Prophethood, and the
angel came to him whilst he was in the cave of Hira’,
where he used to love to go to be alone. The first words
(of the Qur’aan) to be revealed to him were:
“Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created (all
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that exists)” [al-‘Alaq 96:1 – interpretation of the
meaning]
His message came in stages. Firstly, he was appointed as
a Prophet; secondly, he warned his nearest kinsmen;
thirdly, he warned his people; fourthly, he warned the
people to whom no warner had ever come, namely all the
Arabs; fifthly, he warned all those whom his message
reached, both jinns and humans, until the end of time.
After that (initial revelation), he spent three years calling
people to Allaah in secret. Then the following words were
revealed to him:
“Therefore proclaim openly (Allaah’s Message Islamic
Monotheism) that which you are commanded, and turn
away from AlMushrikoon (polytheists, idolaters, and
disbeliever”
[al-Hijr 15:94 – interpretation of the meaning]
See Zaad al-Ma’aad by Ibn al-Qayyim, 1/71
Thirdly:
With regard to the message to which our Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) called people, it is
sufficient to quote what was said by Abu Sufyaan – who
was a kaafir (disbeliever) at the time. Heraclius, the ruler
of Byzantium, asked Abu Sufyaan, “What does he tell
you to do?” Abu Sufyaan said: “He tells us to worship
Allaah alone, not associating anything with Him, and he
forbids us to worship that which our fathers used to
worship. He commands us to pray, to give in charity, to
be chaste, to keep our promises and fulfil our trusts.”
Heraclius commented on Abu Sufyaan’s words by saying:
“This is the description of a Prophet. I knew that he would
appear, but I did not think that he would be from among
you [the Arabs]. If you are indeed speaking the truth, then
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soon he will take possession of the place where my feet
are standing. If I thought that I could meet him I would
not hesitate to go to him, and if I were with him I would
wash his feet.”
(Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 2782; Muslim, 1773).
Fourthly:
After the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him), he was succeeded as khaleefah
(leader of the Muslim community) by Abu Bakr al-
Siddeeq, during whose time a number of major events
took place: the dispatching of the army of Usaamah [to
Syria]; the wars against the apostates (ahl al-riddah);
fighting those who refused to pay the zakaah; the
emergence of Musaylimah the liar [a false prophet]; and
the compilation of the Qur’aan.
Then came ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab, who was one of the
earliest Muslims, one of the ten whom the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had testified would
enter Paradise, one of the Rightly Guided Caliphs (alkhulafa’
al-raashideen), one of the in-laws of the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him), one of the greatest scholars and ascetics among
the Sahaabah (the Companions of the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him)). Many conquests took
place during his time, including the conquest of
Damascus, Jordan, Iraq, Jerusalem and Egypt. He is the
one who decided, in consultation with ‘Ali, that history
should be dated from the time of the Hijrah (the migration
of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) from Makkah to Madeenah).
He was martyred in 23 AH by the kaafir Magian murderer
Abu Lu’lu’ah.
Then came ‘Uthmaan ibn ‘Affaan, who was also one of
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the ten whom the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) had testified would enter Paradise. He had
also become Muslim in the earliest days. He was one of
those whom Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq had called to Islam.
He migrated twice, first to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) then to
Madeenah. He married Ruqayyah the daughter of the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), then
she passed away and he married her sister Umm
Kalthoom. He ruled as khaleefah for twelve years, then
he was martyred in 35 AH at the age of eighty-odd.
Then came ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib, who was also one of the
ten whom the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) had testified would enter Paradise. He was the
brother of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) according to the system of
brotherhood established when the muhaajiroon (migrants
from Makkah) first came to Madeenah, and he was also
the Prophet’s son-in-law as he married his daughter
Faatimah, the best of all women (may Allaah be pleased
with her). He was also one of the first people to become
Muslim, one of the greatest scholars, bravest warriors,
prominent ascetics and preachers. He was one of those
who compiled the Qur’aan and showed it to the Messenger
of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
Fifthly:
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
was guided by the teachings of the Qur’aan, indeed his
whole attitude was the Qur’aan as the Mother of the
Believers ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said.
The way our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) was in Islam was the same as the way he had
been before, but Allaah perfected his character and made
it more beautiful. When the first revelation came, [his
wife] Khadeejah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said,
listing his attributes:
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“No, by Allaah, Allaah would never let you down. For
you uphold ties of kinship, you help the weak, you give
charity to the poor, you honour your guests and you help
the deserving calamity-afflicted ones.”
(Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 4; Muslim, 160)
Both his companions and his enemies described him in a
befitting manner, as he (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) deserved, saying that he was honourable, brave,
merciful, well-spoken, worshipped a great deal, was
honest and trustworthy, and so on.
This was all summed up in the verse:
“And verily, you (O Muhammad) are on an exalted
(standard of) character” [al-Qalam 68:4 – interpretation
of the meaning]
His good character and attitude had a great effect, as it
was the reason for some of the mushrikeen (pagans,
polytheists) coming to Islam.
It was narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: “The Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) sent some
cavalry towards Najd, and they brought a man from Banu
Haneefah whose name was Thamaamah ibn Athaal and
tied him to one of the pillars of the mosque. The Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came out
and said, ‘Untie Thamaamah.’ Then he (Thamaamah)
went to grove of palm treenear the mosque and washed
himself (did ghusl), then he entered the mosque and said,
‘I bear witness that there is no god except Allaah and that
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah.’” (Narrated by
al-Bukhaari, 4114; Muslim, 1764).